Recommended resource for "Standard Notation" and "Established Terminology"...
Recently, I was introduced to Bruce Schneier's classic, Memo to the Amateur Cipher Designer, from October 1998.In that newsletter article, Bruce stresses the importance of using "standard notation" and...
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What does this "lightbulb-ish" symbol mean in figure 1 of the Diffie Hellmann...
In Diffie and Hellmanns famous paper New Directions in Cryptography from 1976, figure 1 on p. 645 (resp. second page in the linked pdf) visualizes the flow of information in symmetric cryptosystems.In...
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Why are they called "commitment", "challenge", and "response"?
I'm reading Proof Systems for General Statements about Discrete Logarithms, and I think I'll have a better understanding of the process if I can understand where the terms come from. They give a basic...
View ArticleSmall Notation question on HQC and 2-QCSD-P Distribution
I am reading the Hamming Quasi-Cyclic (HQC) specification and just want to clarify a notation they are using.In the paragraph before Definition 2.1.14 (2-QCSD-P Distribution), for $b_1 \in \{0,1\} $...
View ArticleNotation question: ciphertext vs. (IV, ciphertext)
Consider encryption with a stream cipher. We select a random nonce or IV, create a keystream, and encrypt the plaintext to a ciphertext $c$ with XOR. Then we need to transmit the nonce/IV, so the...
View ArticleWhy is this the inverse of a Enigma Machine rotor?
I am learning about how the Enigma Machine works and I found this example of one letter being encrypted by an Enigma Machine. It shows the letter "G" going through three rotors and then it goes into...
View ArticleCarter-Wegman MAC different notations
While studying Carter-Wegman message authentication codes MAC, I got two different notations for the broader concept and have problems with understanding the difference, if any exist.Let $K, K_1, K_2$...
View ArticleDoes this protocol description and design look sound?
I am working on a tool that uses password derived keys for AES and a selectable modes of operation to encrypt (and later decrypt) text for storage on an insecure media. The tool is constrained to using...
View ArticleCartesian Product Notation for Encryption and Decryption
I'm learning about encryption $(E)$ and decryption $(D)$ algorithms and am wondering what the following notation means, specifically the cartesian product for $E$ and $D$.$k$ represents key, $P$...
View ArticleQuestion about the notation $H\leftarrow\mathcal{H}_{\mathcal{K}}$ in an...
In the paper"Hybrid Key Encapsulation Mechanisms and Authenticated Key Exchange"by Bindel et al., I looked at the IND-CCA security experiment (figure 3).In the first line of the game, we have $H...
View ArticleUnderstanding $\mathbb{Z}_q[X]/(X^N + 1)$ notation in cryptography paper
I can't seem to understand what $A_{N,q}$ represents in this paper (Section 2.1 - Notations). More specifically, I'm struggling to grasp the meaning of $\mathbb{Z}_q[X]/(X^N + 1)$. Could someone please...
View ArticleOn the construction and notation of a certain OWF
I am studying a little bit about one-way functions from Dr Goyal's notes.He constructs the following OWF:Let $D=\Bbb Z_2^{n^3}$ and $R=\Bbb Z_2^{2 n}$. Given $x \in D$, $f$ interprets $x$ as a set $S$...
View ArticleConfusing notation in signature scheme
In the paper Efficient and Secure Pairing-Free Certificateless Aggregate Signature Scheme for Healthcare Wireless Medical Sensor Networks, on the signature generation part (Page 5), there is an...
View ArticleWhy would be the use of such hash function definition? What would be the...
$ G \space is \space an \space elliptic \space curve \space group \space G \space with \space order \space q$and three hash functions are defined as this:$$H_1: \{0,1\}^*\times G \rightarrow...
View ArticleProbability conventions in cryptography
I am working on Victor Shoup's tutorial on game-based security proof and want to figure out some notions from the perspective of probability theory.Consider the following PRF advantage defined on Page...
View ArticlePerp notation question
What does the symbol $\perp$ mean? I saw this on a paper where some entity outputs $\perp$.
View Articlewhat is the notation of nth power of 1? [duplicate]
when reading theoretical materials, it is often seen that "a common input 1^n..." what does it mean? Are there any similar questions and answers previously in StackExchange?
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Can you identify these cryptographic algorithmic symbols?
I am mostly self taught and have limited knowledge of the symbology in the image below. It is a diagram of a sub block the RIPEMD-160 algorithm:Are such symbols standardized? Is there a good dictionary...
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Notation question: Dividing 2 Elliptic Curve Points producing a third point
I'm working my way through some papers and ran across what seems to be division of two points that produce a third point. I'm new to ECC and am having a terrible time trying to figure out what this...
View ArticleSuperscript vs subscript notation in cryptographic formulation
I'm currently reading this paper [PDF]. On page 4, I bumped into these notations :\begin{equation}\text { Experiment } \operatorname{Exp}_{\mathcal{F} \mathcal{E}, A}^{\text {ind-mode }}(k) \text { :...
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